生命历程法
中国
环境卫生
暴露评估
健康风险评估
地理
环境科学
健康风险
心理学
医学
社会心理学
考古
作者
Kai Cheng,Yunhua Chang,Xuhui Lee,Dongsheng Ji,Liping Qiao,Zhong Zou,Yu Duan,Ru‐Jin Huang
标识
DOI:10.1021/acs.est.3c05404
摘要
Key stages in people’s lives have particular relevance for their health; the life-course approach stresses the importance of these stages. Here, we applied a life-course approach to analyze the health risks associated with PM2.5-bound elements, which were measured at three sites with varying environmental conditions in eastern China. Road traffic was found to be the primary source of PM2.5-bound elements at all three locations, but coal combustion was identified as the most important factor to induce both cancer risk (CR) and noncancer risk (NCR) across all age groups due to the higher toxicity of elements such as As and Pb associated with coal. Nearly half of NCR and over 90% of CR occurred in childhood (1–6 years) and adulthood (>18 years), respectively, and females have slightly higher NCR and lower CR than males. Rural population is found to be subject to the highest health risks. Synthesizing previous relevant studies and nationwide PM2.5 concentration measurements, we reveal ubiquitous and large urban–rural environmental exposure disparities over China.
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