Mangiferin alleviates trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO)-induced atherogenesis and modulates gut microbiota in mice

. This modulation led to a decrease in plasma lipopolysaccharide levels, enhanced the production of total SCFAs by gut microbes, and reduced susceptibility to atherosclerosis. In conclusion, mangiferin exhibited its ability to alleviate TMAO-induced atherosclerosis through its anti-inflammatory, cholesterol-lowering, and gut microbial modulatory activities.