An injectable nanocomposite alginate-Ca2+ hydrogel for melittin-assisted Ca2+-overload and photothermal cancer therapy

An injectable nanocomposite alginate-Ca²⁺ hydrogel embedded with melittin and polyaniline nanofibers was fabricated for Ca²⁺-overload and photothermal combination cancer therapy. Melittin disrupts the cell membranes and enhances Ca²⁺ influx significantly, improving Ca²⁺-overload treatment, while the polyaniline nanofibers endow the hydrogel with glutathione (GSH) depletion and photothermal ability.