A systematic review of intelligent grouping in collaborative learning

Group formation is a critical step in collaborative learning. With the rapid advancement of information technology and the ongoing digitalization of education, intelligent grouping is increasingly being adopted as a novel approach to group formation in collaborative learning. This study conducted a systematic review of research on intelligent grouping in collaborative learning from 2000 to 2023, analyzing 34 articles that met the research selection criteria. The analysis reveals several key findings: firstly, intelligent grouping is emerging as an active research area in collaborative learning, though its applications remain relatively limited in scope. Secondly, while current studies incorporate various learner characteristics. the range of characteristics considered is still relatively narrow. Thirdly, genetic algorithms show promising potential in achieving effective intelligent grouping. Fourthly, most studies employ quantitative, experimental research designs; however, primary data collection methods lack complete objectivity. Finally, although intelligent grouping currently struggles to meet the needs of all learners,it demonstrates significant pedagogical value overall in cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions. This paper provides insights into general trends and research designs on intelligent grouping, providing a comprehensive analysis of grouping criteria, grouping techniques, and outcomes.