From soundscape participation to tourist loyalty in nature-based tourism: The moderating role of soundscape emotion and the mediating role of soundscape satisfaction.

The aim of this study wants to verify the role of soundscape participation and soundscape satisfaction in the formation of tourist loyalty in nature-based tourism with soundscape satisfaction as the mediator and soundscape emotion as the moderator. The results indicate that soundscape participation can significantly improve soundscape satisfaction which in turn significantly improves tourist loyalty. Soundscape satisfaction has a positive effect on tourist loyalty. Soundscape participation not only improves tourist loyalty directly but indirectly improves tourist loyalty when mediated by soundscape satisfaction. The moderating effect of soundscape emotion is verified in that participation constraint only hinders soundscape participation of tourists with low-emotion arousal while has no obvious inhibiting effect on soundscape participation of tourists with high-arousal. The positive effect of soundscape participation on soundscape satisfaction is significant for all tourists and is more salient for high-arousal tourists. These findings provide valuable information for applying soundscape to create a more satisfying experience in nature-based tourism. • Soundscape participation and soundscape satisfaction can improve tourist loyalty. • Some constraint factors inhibit soundscape participation of tourists. • Soundscape emotion has a moderating effect in the experience of natural soundscape.