Biomimetic MnO 2 micromotors with asymmetric sea urchin architecture for synergistic mechano-chemical eradication of endodontic biofilms

while oxygenating the anaerobic microenvironment in deep root canal regions, with superior biocompatibility to sodium hypochlorite. This work presents an innovative disinfection strategy combining superior penetration, synergistic antibacterial activity, and clinical safety, offering a promising alternative to current disinfection methods in endodontics.