A PV-PEM Electrolyzer Microgrid with Hybrid Energy Storage System using Active Disturbance Rejection Control

In this paper, a microgrid consisting of photovoltaics (PV), a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer, and a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) is constructed, and a voltage controller based on active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) is developed for the regulation. A comprehensive model, considering double-layer capacitance, of the PEM electrolyzer for the hydrogen production is adopted for more accurate operating characteristics. Moreover, an ADRC voltage controller is designed to generate the reference current of the electrolyzer and HESS. A nonlinear extended state observer (ESO) is adopted in the ARDC voltage controller to compensate for the total dynamic disturbances. The rapidity and robustness of the proposed controller are compared with the traditional PI method, and the results demonstrate that the proposed method has better performance and improved capability while handling perturbations.