Physics-Informed Neural Networks for Parameter Identification of Equivalent Thermal Parameters in Residential Buildings During Winter Electric Heating

Accurate identification of equivalent thermal parameters (ETPs) is crucial for optimizing energy efficiency in residential buildings during winter electric heating. This study proposes a physics-informed neural network (PINN) approach to estimate ETP model parameters, integrating physical constraints with data-driven learning to enhance robustness. The method is validated using real-world measurements from seven rural residences, with indoor and outdoor temperatures and heating power sampled every 15 min. The PINN is compared with linear regression (LR), heuristic methods (GA, PSO, TROA), and data-driven methods (RF, XGBoost, LSTM). The results show that the PINN reduces MAE by over 90% compared to LR, 42% compared to heuristic methods, and 75% compared to pure data-driven methods, with similar improvements in RMSE and MAPE, while maintaining moderate computational time. This work highlights the potential of PINNs as an efficient and reliable tool for building energy management, offering a promising solution for parameter identification within the specific context of the studied residences, with future work needed to confirm scalability across diverse climates and building types.