Objective To research the inhibition effect and mechanism of Chlorella pyrenoidosa by nano zinc oxide particles,and to provide a theoretical basis for killing red tide algae in ship ballast water. Methods Chlorella culture,counting and bioassay methods were used to observe inhibition effect and mechanism of nano zinc oxide particles on the action pyrenoidosa in the laboratory. Results With a concentration of 0. 5 mg /L nano zinc oxide particles for 48 h,the Chlorella pyrenoidosa inhibition rate reached 60%. Add 0. 5 ~ 5 mg /L nano zinc oxide particles in the suspension for 96h,the content of antioxidant superoxide dismutase in chlorella protein suspension increased,and the total content of chlorophyll a and b increased with the increasing dosage. Conclusion Chlorella nano zinc oxide particles have a certain inhibition effect to Chlorella pyrenoidosa in water. The mechanism was changing biochemical composition of pyrenoidosa chlorophyll and causing algal cell antioxidant enzyme activities change so as to inhibit the grow of algae.