The structure, hydrophilicity of high density polyethylene (HDPE) functionalized by ultraviolet irradiation at different environmental temperature in air, and compatibilization of the functionalized HDPE in HDPE/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) blends were studied through FT-IR, gel analysis, water contact angle and mechanical properties measurements. Oxygen-containing groups such as C-O and C=O were introduced onto HDPE chains after the ultraviolet irradiation in air. The oxygen-containing groups content, gel content and hydrophilicity increase with increasing the environmental temperature. The compatibilization of the functionalized HDPE increases with the environmental temperature; Compared with HDPE/PVA blend, the tensile yield strength and notch impact strength of HDPE/PVA blends compatibilized functionalized HDPE are increased.