Objective It is to observe the effects of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ( MPP +) on amount and form of dopaminergic neurons in primary culture newborn rat and explore the protective function of compound Peibuganshen on dopaminergic neurons and its mechanism. Methods The effects of compound Peibuganshen on the survival time, survival rate and form of dopaminergic neurons cell injured by MPP + were detected with the method of serum pharmacology. Results The equivalent dosage of the serum of compound Peibuganshen improved the survival time and survival rate of dopaminergic neurons cell injured by MPP +. Conclusion The serum of compound Peibuganshen has protective function on dopaminergic neurons cells injured by MPP +.