Rogue wave excitations and hybrid wave structures of the Heisenberg ferromagnet equation with time-dependent inhomogeneous bilinear interaction and spin-transfer torque

In this paper, we focus on the localized rational waves of the variable-coefficient Heisenberg spin chain equation, which models the local magnetization in ferromagnet with time-dependent inhomogeneous bilinear interaction and spin-transfer torque. First, we establish the iterative generalized (m,N-m)-fold Darboux transformation of the Heisenberg spin chain equation. Then, the novel localized rational solutions (LRSs), rogue waves (RWs), periodic waves, and hybrid wave structures on the periodic, zero, and nonzero constant backgrounds with the time-dependent coefficients α(t) and β(t) are obtained explicitly. Additionally, we provide the trajectory curves of magnetization and the variation of the magnetization direction for the obtained nonlinear waves at different times. These phenomena imply that the LRSs and RWs play the crucial roles in changing the circular motion of the magnetization. Finally, we also numerically simulate the wave propagations of some localized semi-rational solutions and RWs.