Efficient degradation of organic pollutants without any external assistance over a wide pH range using carbon vacancy-modified Fe–N–C catalysts

). In addition, the catalysts showed high activity over a broad pH range (3-11) and held rather good stability after 5 recycles. This study proved that the Cv-Fe-N-C SACs are highly efficient catalysts for degrading organic pollutants. These catalysts have the potential to make sewage treatment more efficient and less expensive.