Effect of Novel Ascorbic Acid Derivatives on Oral Biofilm Formation of InitialAttachment Bacteria

Dental caries and periodontal diseases are oral infections caused by biofilm formation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of novel ascorbic acid derivatives on oral biofilm formation by initial attachment bacteria. To reveal the effects of the novel ascorbic acid derivatives amino ascorbyl glucoside（aminoASG）, sodium ascorbyl glucoside（NaASG）, and amino ascorbic acid（aminoAS）, we performed biofilm formation and biofilm dispersion assays in 96-well plates using Actinomyces oris and Streptococcus gordonii. In the sucrose-dependent biofilm formation assay, 100 mg/mL aminoASG and 30–100 mg/mL NaASG inhibited biofilm formation of A. oris. Moreover, 50–100 mg/mL aminoASG and NaASG inhibited biofilm formation of S. gordonii. However, aminoAS did not inhibit biofilm formation by either A. oris or S. gordonii. In the biofilm dispersion assay, 1000 mg/mL aminoASG and NaASG were able to disperse the biofilm of A. oris. However, aminoAS did not disperse the biofilm produced by A. oris. Moreover, 300–1000 mg/mL of aminoASG dispersed the biofilms of S. gordonii, which NaASG and aminoAS were not able to disperse. This study revealed that the novel ascorbic acid derivatives, aminoASG and NaASG were effective in inhibiting biofilm formation and dispersing biofilms by the initial attachment bacteria.