Progress, prospect and explorations of polymeric nanoparticles for the treatment of ophthalmic complications

Due to physiological and anatomical barriers, optometrists and drug delivery specialists have long faced challenges in administering medications to the eyes. These ocular barriers - both permanent and temporary - limit the entry of foreign substances and reduce the effective absorption of therapeutic agents. Polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) provide advantages such as selective tissue targeting, improved drug bioavailability, stability, and controlled drug release. Their ability to overcome barriers like the precorneal film, cornea and intra-retinal regions depends on properties such as interfacial ligands, mucoadhesion, hydrophobicity, particle size, and surface charge. Careful design tailored to specific ocular tissues and diseases is essential. This study aims to explore the potential applications of polymeric NPs across various pharmaceutical categories in the treatment of ocular conditions.