Electronic structure modulation of a CoN/TiC–C nanoarray by vanadium doping for enhanced alkaline oxygen evolution

V-doped cobalt nitride (V–CoN/TiC–C) catalysts with a cactus-like nanostructure achieve an overpotential of 238 mV at 10 mA cm −2 for the alkaline oxygen evolution reaction (OER), benefiting from electronic modulation and structural optimization.