Amphibious superlyophobic shape memory arrays with tunable wettability in both air and water

Smart superwetting surfaces with ability to reversibly adjust wettability in different surroundings have significant value in realistic application. However, it is still difficult to obtain amphibious superlyophobicity (superhydrophobicity in air and superoleophobicity under-water) on the identical surface, let alone tunable wetting performances. Herein, a smart amphibious shape memory polymer (SMP) surface is introduced. The surface can simultaneously display the superhydrophobicity in air and superoleophobicity under-water. Moreover, due to the excellent shape memory property, its wetting performance in both air and water can be reversibly changed with the variation of surface micro/nanostructures. Finally, based on the shape memory microstructure and tunable wettability, diverse microstructure patterns were repeatedly designed and created on the surface, and programmable droplet storages in both air and water were demonstrated, proving that the surface has the ability to achieve amphibious applications. The work provides a fresh idea for designing novel superwetting surfaces; meanwhile, the special shape memory microstructure and tunable amphibious wettings endow the surface with great practical values in some potential applications such as microdroplet manipulation, bio-detection, and micro-reaction.Graphical abstract