A review of interactions of pesticides within various interfaces of intrinsic and organic residue amended soil environment

Application of pesticides for enhancement in agricultural production has serious environmental and human health implications. Their inefficient and unregulated application is among main reasons for their contamination in soil, water and food systems. Application of organic resides for soil amendment is one of the low cost and sustainable option to avoid such pesticide contamination in the environment. However, the complexity of the interactions of the pesticide with soil interface that decide their fate and transport in soil environment needs comprehensive understanding. Therefore the focus of the review is to provide an in-depth elaboration of interactions of pesticides with various components of soil environment (both virgin soil and soil amended with organic residues). In addition, the factors (from the perspective of pesticide and soil) that influence the fate and transport of pesticides are discussed. This review will be useful for researchers and practitioners in understanding the fate and transport of pesticides within intrinsic and organic residue amended soil environment that is necessary to avoid / reduce the pesticide contamination in various environmental matrices.