Iranian Women’s Decision Making: Preferred Roles, Experienced Involvement, and Decisional Conflict When Undergoing Surgery for Early-Stage Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women globally, accounting for 24% of all cancers in 2018 (Bray et al., 2018). Patients with breast cancer are required to make complex treatment-related decisions. One of the most challenging decisions is relative to the extent and type of surgical interventions (Hawley, Newman, Griggs, Kosir, & Katz, 2016; Margenthaler & Ollila, 2016), particularly for women with early-stage disease (Halkett, Arbon, Scutter, & Borg, 2005; Margenthaler & Ollila, 2016).