Protective Effects of 3,4‐Seco‐Lupane Triterpenes from Food Raw Materials of the Leaves of Eleutherococcus Senticosus and Eleutherococcus Sessiliflorus on Arrhythmia Induced by Barium Chloride

Abstract As a traditional wild vegetable and food raw material, the leaves of Eleutherococcus senticosus and Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus are rich in 3,4‐seco‐lupane triterpenes, including chiisanoside (CSS), divaroside (DVS), sessiloside‐A (SSA), and chiisanogenin (CSG). This study was conducted to evaluate the anti‐arrhythmic effects of these 3,4‐seco‐lupane triterpenes. Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of compounds was performed by measuring cell viability and apoptosis with the CCK‐8 assay. In vivo, arrhythmia was induced by rapid injection of BaCl 2 via rat caudal vein. The occurrence time and duration of arrhythmias in rats were studied. The levels of SOD and MDA in serum, and Na + ‐K + ‐ATPase and Ca 2+ ‐Mg 2+ ‐ATPase in myocardial homogenate were detected by ELISA. The histopathological changes of rats myocardial were observed by HE staining. Changes in the expression of PKA and related proteins were detected by Western blot. The 3,4‐seco‐lupane triterpenes interactions with protein kinase A were analyzed by molecular docking. In the present study, we found that 3,4‐seco‐lupane triterpenes exhibited powerful anti‐arrhythmic activity, especially DVS completely relieved the ventricular arrhythmia induced by BaCl 2 . This study suggests that the leaves of E. senticosus and E. sessiliflorus might be used as functional food materials to prevent arrhythmia, and DVS can potentially be further developed as an anti‐arrhythmic drug.