Synthesis and photovoltaic evaluation of fluorinated PTB7-Th derivatives in binary and ternary organic solar cells

BM in ternary systems improved film homogeneity and charge transport pathways, but only when structural compatibility between donor and acceptor was preserved. Overall, the results demonstrate that OPV performance is governed by the interplay between electronic structure and morphological organization, providing mechanistic insights and design guidelines for PTB7-Th-derived polymers in non-fullerene organic solar cells.