The Italian Ministry of Health recommends resuscitation for all preterm infants irrespective of gestational age and parental consent

The last few years saw an intense debate in Italy over resuscitation of extremely pre-mature newborns. In 2006, a group of experts drafted recommendations known as Carta di Firenze (CdF),1 based on international treatment standards and practice guidelines.2 The CdF recommends to base prognostic predictions primarily on gestational age, while not dismissing other factors (eg, gender of the baby or twin birth), consistently with recent studies.3 The CdF suggests to withhold resuscitation below 23 weeks' gestational age (wks-GA). Between 23 and 24 …