High Energy Storage Density and Optical Transparency of Microwave Sintered Homogeneous (Na0.5Bi0.5)(1–x)BaxTi(1–y)SnyO3 Ceramics

Homogeneous (Na0.5Bi0.5)(1–x)BaxTi(1–y)SnyO3 ceramics were densified by a combination of cold isostatic pressing and microwave sintering (CIP&MS strategy), and their phase transition and ferroelectric properties were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis proves that the reaction between Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 (NBT) and BaSnO3 (BSN) was suppressed by fast sintering when x < 0.3. The grain size of the homogeneous ceramic sample was about 1 μm, and the uniform element distribution was detected by EDS mapping when x < 0.3. The x = 0.2 sample possesses a modest dielectric constant (∼2000), low dielectric loss (tan δ < 0.015), and highly diffusive and dispersive relaxor-like behavior. The weakly polar phase gradually increases and the energy loss gradually decreases with BSN addition. When x = 0.2, a high transparency in the visible spectra (∼50%) and the high discharge energy density (WD) of 2.347 J/cm3 were achieved as a result of high homogeneous sample, meanwhile Pm was as high as 35.75 μC/cm2. Then, a homogenization model was utilized to explain the high energy storage properties.