Mixed martial arts training improves social skills and lessens problem behaviors in boys with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Difficulties with social functioning are a defining core characteristic among children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Fortunately, adaptive social skills can be acquired. Physical exercise has gained interest among researchers as a practical way to improve social functioning in children with ASD. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of a Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) intervention for improving social skills and lessening problematic social behaviors in school-aged boys with ASD. Thirty-four boys and girls (n = 28 boys, 6 girls) with ASD were randomly assigned to either a community-based MMA intervention or a Waitlist Control (WLC) condition. Randomization resulted in an intervention group of all boys. Assessments of child functioning were conducted pre- and post-intervention. The 26-session MMA intervention consisted of learning and practicing increasingly challenging motor movements in a structured class with ASD and typically-developing peers. The WLC group did not participate in any intervention between pre- and post-test. Measures of implementation fidelity were included. Results indicated significant interactions between group and predicted social functioning over time. Compared to the control group, parents of boys with ASD in the martial arts group reported significantly higher positive social behaviors and significantly lower negative social behaviors between pre- and post-test. The results of this study increase our understanding of the benefits of martial arts training for boys with ASD within a community setting. Practical implications highlight the importance of providing a social component with physical exercise, helping to address the physical needs of children with ASD and perhaps conferring social benefits as well.