Biomass valorization: Sulfated lignin-catalyzed production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from fructose

This study is aimed at the investigation of the preparation of sulfated lignin (SL) as a Bronsted acid catalyst for the preparation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF). SL was characterized by different methods including FT-IR, FESEM, XRD, and EDS analyses. It shows promising results after 60 min of reaction at 140 °C, reaching 100% conversion of fructose precursor and 99% yield of 5-HMF, with a fructose: catalyst mass ratio of 10:6.