X射线光电子能谱
蒸发
扫描电子显微镜
分析化学(期刊)
蒸汽压
水蒸气
材料科学
化学气相沉积
碘化物
物理气相沉积
电子束物理气相沉积
残余气体分析仪
化学工程
化学
薄膜
无机化学
纳米技术
复合材料
质谱法
环境化学
色谱法
有机化学
热力学
物理
工程类
作者
Ke Wang,Benjamin Ecker,Jinsong Huang,Yongli Gao
出处
期刊:Nanomaterials
[Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute]
日期:2021-09-28
卷期号:11 (10): 2532-2532
被引量:11
摘要
Thermal evaporation is an important technique for fabricating methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3), but the process is complicated by the need to co-evaporate methylammonium iodide (MAI) and PbI2. In this work, the effect of water vapor during the thermal deposition of MAPbI3 was investigated under high vacuum. The evaporation process was monitored with a residual gas analyzer (RGA), and the film quality was examined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The investigations showed that during evaporation, MAI decomposed while PbI2 evaporated as a whole compound. It was found that the residual water vapor reacted with one of the MAI-dissociated products. The higher iodine ratio suggests that the real MAI flux was higher than the reading from the QCM. The XPS analysis demonstrated that the residual water vapor may alter the elemental ratios of C, N, and I in thermally deposited MAPbI3. Morphologic properties were investigated with atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). It was observed that a sample grown with high water vapor pressure had a roughened surface and poor film quality. Therefore, an evaporation environment with water vapor pressure below 10−8 Torr is needed to fabricate high quality perovskite films.
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