An Ultrafast Lithium-ion Battery with Long-term Cycling Performance Based on Hard Carbon

In this work, we construct lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with capacitive-level cycling performance and ultrafast charge/discharge via electrode engineering. Two typical battery-type materials are used, namely, LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2 as the cathode material and hard carbon (HC) without pre-lithiation as the anode material. In addition to the reasonable electrode design, it is concluded after analysing the energy storage mechanism that the capacitive-controlled storage behaviour of HC materials in a full cell configuration is the major reason that the device exhibits superior cycling performance. By conducting a galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling test of a 144 mAh battery at 10C (tcharge/tdischarge≈4.8 min), the capacity retention rate of the battery is 99.36% after 32000 cycles. The specific energy reaches 43.59 Wh·kg-1 at 42.01 W·kg-1 within a discharge time of 67.3 s, while the energy density is 29.55 Wh·kg-1 at 1580.81 W·kg-1; these values are calculated based on the weight of the whole device. This work expands the application range of HC materials in the field of batteries.