Self-assembly of ruthenium-doped oxygen-deficient tungsten oxide as an efficient electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction in acidic environments

a straightforward hydrothermal process. The resultant electrocatalyst, with very low Ru content of 3.2 wt%, exhibits outstanding performance for the acidic HER. The remarkable performance can be attributed to the Ru dopants, and the distinctive urchin-like hierarchical nanostructure.