Experimental and numerical study of product gas and N2O emission characteristics of ammonia/hydrogen/air premixed laminar flames stabilized in a stagnation flow

In order to achieve carbon neutrality, the use of ammonia as a fuel for power generation is highly anticipated. The utilization of a binary fuel consisting of ammonia and hydrogen can address the weak flame characteristics of ammonia. In this study, the product gas characteristics of ammonia/hydrogen/air premixed laminar flames stabilized in a stagnation flow were experimentally and numerically investigated for various equivalence ratios for the first time. A trade-off relationship between NO and unburnt ammonia was observed at slightly rich conditions. At lean conditions, NO reached a maximum value of 8,700 ppm, which was larger than that of pure ammonia/air flames. The mole fraction of nitrous oxide (N2O) which has large global warming potential rapidly increased around the equivalence ratio of 0.6, which was attributed to the effect of a decrease in flame temperature downstream of the reaction zone owing to heat loss to the stagnation wall. To understand this effect further, numerical simulations of ammonia/hydrogen/air flames were conducted using the stagnation flame model for various equivalence ratios and stagnation wall temperatures. The results show that the important reactions for N2O production and reductions are NH +NO = N2O + H, N2O + H = N2 + OH, and N2O (+M) = N2 + O (+M). A decrease in flame temperature in the post flame region inhibited N2O reduction through N2O (+M) = N2 + O (+M) because this reaction has a large temperature dependence, and thus N2O was detected as a product gas. N2O is reduced through N2O (+M) = N2 + O (+M) in the post flame region if the stagnation wall temperature is sufficiently high. On the other hand, it was clarified that an increase in equivalence ratio enhances H radical production and promotes N2O reduction by H radical through the reaction of N2O + H = N2 + OH.