化学
芳基
芳基
硼酸化
氧化还原
光化学
分子
积雨云
有机化学
烷基
作者
Yihuan Lai,Arjun Halder,Jaehwan Kim,Thomas J. Hicks,Phillip J. Milner
出处
期刊:Angewandte Chemie
[Wiley]
日期:2023-08-09
卷期号:62 (40): e202310246-e202310246
被引量:27
标识
DOI:10.1002/anie.202310246
摘要
Abstract Single‐electron transfer (SET) plays a critical role in many chemical processes, from organic synthesis to environmental remediation. However, the selective reduction of inert substrates ( E p/2 <−2 V vs Fc/Fc + ), such as ubiquitous electron‐neutral and electron‐rich (hetero)aryl chlorides, remains a major challenge. Current approaches largely rely on catalyst photoexcitation to reach the necessary deeply reducing potentials or suffer from limited substrate scopes. Herein, we demonstrate that cumulenes–organic molecules with multiple consecutive double bonds–can function as catalytic redox mediators for the electroreductive radical borylation of (hetero)aryl chlorides at relatively mild cathodic potentials (approximately −1.9 V vs. Ag/AgCl) without the need for photoirradiation. Electrochemical, spectroscopic, and computational studies support that step‐wise electron transfer from reduced cumulenes to electron‐neutral chloroarenes is followed by thermodynamically favorable mesolytic cleavage of the aryl radical anion to generate the desired aryl radical intermediate. Our findings will guide the development of other sustainable, purely electroreductive radical transformations of inert molecules using organic redox mediators.
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