Advanced Synthesis and Unique Properties of 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides for Realizing Next-Generation Applications

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have emerged as a prominent class of two-dimensional (2D) materials, offering a tunable bandgap that addresses the limitations of graphene's gapless nature. Their exceptional optical and electronic properties have positioned them at the forefront of both fundamental research and advanced device applications. This Review aims to provide a fundamental understanding of the vast family of 2D TMDs while highlighting recent progress in their synthesis techniques, unique properties, and multifunctional applications, particularly in the monolayer and near-monolayer regimes. A significant focus is placed on the challenges associated with emerging synthesis methods and the intriguing properties exhibited by monolayer TMDs, which enable their integration into next-generation photodetectors, optoelectronic devices, and sensors. These advancements enhance the flexibility and performance of monolayered materials, helping to overcome existing limitations.