Overcoming the Unfavorable Effects of “Boltzmann Tyranny:” Ultra‐Low Subthreshold Swing in Organic Phototransistors via One‐Transistor‐One‐Memristor Architecture

Organic phototransistors (OPTs), as photosensitive organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), have gained significant attention due to their pivotal roles in imaging, optical communication, and night vision. However, their performance is fundamentally limited by the Boltzmann distribution of charge carriers, which constrains the average subthreshold swing (SS_ave) to a minimum of 60 mV/decade at room temperature. In this study, an innovative one-transistor-one-memristor (1T1R) architecture is proposed to overcome the Boltzmann limit in conventional OFETs. By replacing the source electrode in an OFET with a memristor, the 1T1R device exploits the memristor's sharp resistance state transitions to achieve an ultra-low SS_ave of 18 mV/decade. Consequently, the 1T1R devices demonstrate remarkable sensitivity to photo illumination, with a high specific detectivity of 3.9 × 10⁹ cm W^-1Hz^1/2, outperforming conventional OPTs (4.9 × 10⁴ cm W^-1Hz^1/2) by more than four orders of magnitude. The 1T1R architecture presents a potentially universal solution for overcoming the detrimental effects of "Boltzmann tyranny," setting the stage for the development of ultra-low SS_ave devices in various optoelectronic applications.