Realizing In-Memory Baseband Processing for Ultrafast and Energy-Efficient 6G

To support emerging applications ranging from holographic communications to extended reality, next-generation mobile wireless communication systems require ultrafast and energy-efficient baseband processors. Traditional complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-based baseband processors face two challenges in transistor scaling and the von Neumann bottleneck. To address these challenges, in-memory computing-based baseband processors using resistive random-access memory (RRAM) present an attractive solution. In this article, we propose and demonstrate RRAM-implemented in-memory baseband processing for the widely adopted multiple-input–multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) air interface. Its key feature is to execute the key operations, including discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and MIMO detection, using linear minimum mean square error (L-MMSE) and zero forcing (ZF), in one-step. In addition, RRAM-based channel estimation module is proposed and discussed. By prototyping and simulations, we demonstrate the feasibility of RRAM-based full-fledged communication system in hardware, and reveal it can outperform state-of-the-art baseband processors with a gain of $91.2\times $ in latency and $671\times $ in energy efficiency by large-scale simulations. Our results pave a potential pathway for RRAM-based in-memory computing to be implemented in the era of the sixth generation (6G) mobile communications.