Regulation of fibroblast phenotype in osteoarthritis using CDKN1A-loaded copper sulfide nanoparticles delivered by mesenchymal stem cells

This study introduces MSCs@CuS@CDKN1A, a nanoengineered MSC platform that targets fibroblast phenotypes in osteoarthritis (OA). By modulating CDKN1A expression, this innovative approach not only enhances cartilage repair but also effectively mitigates fibroblast-driven inflammation, marking a significant advancement in OA therapeutics with demonstrated efficacy and biocompatibility.