Microtia in Indonesia: Characteristics and Family History Analysis on the Presence of Other Congenital Anomalies in Patients With Microtia

Objective This study aims to explore the characteristics of microtia in Indonesia and examine whether family traits influence its severity, focusing on other congenital anomalies in patients categorized as either isolated or syndromic microtia. Design This study is a descriptive-analytical study with a cross-sectional design. Setting Questionnaires were distributed via the WhatsApp group “Indonesian Microtia Family,” established by the Airlangga University Hospital Microtia Team. Patients, Participants A total of 354 respondents completed the questionnaire, comprising patients with microtia and their family members and relatives. Interventions There is no intervention in this study. Main Outcome Measure(s) The data on the characteristics of patients with microtia are presented in a descriptive form. An analysis was conducted to determine the influence of family characteristics on the presence of other congenital anomalies in patients. Results Familial microtia, defined as microtia occurring in patients with a family history of microtia or related anomalies such as preauricular tags and preauricular fistulas, significantly influences the presence of additional congenital malformations (syndromic microtia), as indicated by a P value of .018. An odds ratio of 3.191 was obtained, indicating that the risk of isolated microtia occurrence is 3 times higher in familial microtia compared to sporadic microtia. Conclusions In Indonesia, the majority of patients with microtia are male (78%), unilateral right (55.9%), third-degree Hunter (64.4%), solitary (72%), and sporadic (88.1%). Compared to sporadic microtia, familial microtia will increase the probability of isolated microtia occurrence by 3-fold.