Rethinking Diversity Strategies: An Application of Paradox and Positive Organization Behavior Theories

Diversity is a topic that is garnering much attention in society and organizations. We use a paradox lens to suggest a tendency of diversity practices to focus on diversity only, and to essentially neglect unity. We identify two categories of strategies to address diversity: (1) “woke”, and (2) “integrative.” Woke strategies take a single-edged approach to diversity, whereby concerns for diversity are pursued without concern for potentially detrimental effects on unity. In contrast, integrative strategies simultaneously activate the advantages of both diversity and unity, while neutralizing their downsides. In support of this reasoning, we also refer to positive organizational behavior (POB) theory, which would suggest that “woke” strategies run counter to the development of psychological capital on the part of both minority and majority group members. Despite the arguments in this article, it is clear that research is necessary to better understand these alternative approaches to diversity, as well as their effects on individuals, organizations, and society as a whole. Thus, we conclude with a consideration of research needs, as well as practical and policy implications