Neuroprotective effects of a novel poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1 inhibitor, JPI‐289, in hypoxic rat cortical neurons

Summary Excessive activation of poly ( ADP ‐ribose) polymerase‐1 ( PARP ‐1) is known to develop neuronal apoptosis, necrosis and inflammation after ischaemic brain injury. Therefore, PARP ‐1 inhibition after ischaemic stroke has been attempted in successful animal studies. The purpose of present work was to develop a novel water soluble PARP ‐1 inhibitor ( JPI ‐289) and explore its neuroprotective effect on ischaemic injury in an in vitro model. The half‐life of JPI ‐289 after intravenous or oral administration in rats was relatively long (1.4‐1.5 hours) with 65.6% bioavailability. The inhibitor strongly inhibited PARP ‐1 activity ( IC 50 =18.5 nmol/L) and cellular PAR formation ( IC 50 =10.7 nmol/L) in the nanomolar range. In rat cortical neuronal cells, JPI ‐289 did not affect cell viability up to 1 mmol/L as assayed by Trypan blue staining ( TBS ) and lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH ) assay. Treatment of JPI ‐289 for 2 hours after 2 hours of oxygen glucose deprived ( OGD ) rat cortical neuron attenuated PARP activity and restored ATP and NAD + levels. Apoptosis‐associated molecules such as apoptosis inducing factor ( AIF ), cytochrome C and cleaved caspase‐3 were reduced after JPI ‐289 treatment in the OGD model. The present findings suggest that the novel PARP ‐1 inhibitor, JPI ‐289, is a potential neuroprotective agent which could be useful as a treatment for acute ischaemic stroke.