The main capabilities of aircraft reciprocating engine(piston) oil developed by Oil Research Institute of the Air Force and Research Institute of Petroleum Processing were analyzed and compared with that of No.20 aviation lubricating oil,No.20 synthetic aviation lubricating oil.The results showed that aircraft reciprocating engine(piston) oil was better than No.20 aviation lubricating oil and No.20 synthetic aviation lubricating oil in the capability of dispersal and low temperature startability,and its service life was longer,meeting the requirement of AEROSHELL W 15W/50 oil.