Objective:To examine the expression of Smad7 gene and protein in human chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line (K562) and to explore the effects of TGF-β1 on the expression of Smad7 preliminaryly. Method:We studied the expression of Smad7 gene and protein in K562 cell line and the alteration of Smad7 after incubated with TGF-β1 by RT-PCR analysis, western blot. Result:The expression of Smad7 was detected in K562 cell line,and can be induced by the stimulation of TGF-β1 transiently. The expression of Smad7 and the alteration of Smad7 after TGF-β1 treatment at the translational level generally parallel to those at the transcriptional level. Conclusion:Smad7 Participates in the TGF-β signal transduction of K562 cell line.There's a negative auto-regulatory feedback loop between Smad7 and TGF-β1.