All-optical modulator based on graphene-photonic crystal fiber

Abstract An all-optical modulator based on graphene-photonic crystal fiber (G-PCF) is demonstrated, where the G-PCF is fabricated by directly growing graphene onto inner hole walls of the PCF with atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition. A 1550 nm pump laser is used to induce all-optical intensity modulation of probe light. A G-PCF with a length of 2 cm achieves a significant modulation depth of 2.58 dB under a low pump power of 60 mW at wavelength of 895 nm. The flexible structure and all-optical control enable the G-PCF to have great potential in all-optical devices and photonics.