The microwave properties of precipitation particles

Abstract The theory of scattering and attenuation by rain, snow and cloud is reviewed and theoretical results are presented in the form of equations, tables and graphs, so that the radar response to meteorological particles can be calculated at six wavelengths (10, 5.7, 3.2, 1.8, 1.24 and 0.9 cm) and various temperatures. Particular emphasis is placed on developments since Ryde's comprehensive paper in 1946. Published experimental results are compared with the theory. All results computed from the theory are contained in Tables 4 and 5. The attenuation by water vapour and oxygen is given in an Appendix.