Physiological Parameters Measurement Based on Wheelchair Embedded Sensors and Advanced Signal Processing

This paper presents a multisensing system with wireless communication capabilities embedded on a smart wheelchair that can measure physiological parameters such as heart rate and respiratory rate in an unobtrusive way. Ballistocardiography (BCG) sensors and a three-axis inertial microelectromechanical system accelerometer are embedded on the seat or in the backrest of the wheelchair and the acquired data are transmitted by Wi-Fi to a laptop computer for advanced data processing and logging. In addition, a 3-D accelerometer with ZigBee communication capability is used to extract information about the user's posture. Considering the static and dynamic use of the wheelchair, an extended set of measurements for different utilization scenarios was analyzed. An important part of this paper is focused on BCG noise and artifacts removal and heart rate and respiratory rate accurate estimation from BCG signal using wavelet-based filtering and independent component analysis algorithms. A study on wavelet-based filtering considering different types of mother wavelets and different levels of decomposition was also carried out. In the future, other signals will also be acquired to improve the system capabilities and flexibility.