Food and beverage applications of liquid-phase microextraction

Integrated instrumental platforms based on a variety of techniques have been developed to establish the chemical composition of foods and to ensure their authenticity and safety following foodomics strategies. Usually, both sample cleanup and analyte enrichment must be designed prior to instrumental analysis, because foods present a diverse and complex composition. Liquid phase-based microextraction (LPME) methods have overcome the drawbacks of conventional extraction methods as a result of reducing organic solvent consumption, their ease of operation, rapidity and high enrichment factor compared with conventional methods. This review focuses on the applicability of microextraction techniques for food analysis based on LPME. The advantages and disadvantages, the analytical platforms available for combining both analytical and sample preparation methods, the significant steps of the evolution of food applications of LPME covering the period from 2012 to the present, and future trends of these techniques are discussed.