A review on mechanical toughness and durability of hybrid steel polyester fiber reinforced concrete

This paper presents a comprehensive review of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete (HFRC), which combines different fibers, such as steel, polyester, polypropylene, and glass, to enhance the mechanical properties and durability of concrete. Recent studies highlight the synergistic effects of hybrid fibers in improving compressive strength, flexural strength, tensile strength, and crack resistance compared to single-fiber concrete systems. Hybrid fiber incorporation also significantly enhances durability parameters, including freeze-thaw resistance, water absorption, and corrosion resistance, making HFRC suitable for use in high-performance applications like seismic-resistant structures, pavements, and industrial floors. Various experimental studies have shown that the combination of steel and polyester fibers provides superior energy absorption, ductility, and impact resistance, while also improving the microstructure and reducing porosity. Additionally, finite element modeling has confirmed the improved flexural toughness and overall performance of HFRC under dynamic and cyclic loading conditions. The paper also explores future research directions, including the optimization of fiber content and type to enhance the sustainability and cost-effectiveness of hybrid fiber concrete. The review emphasizes the importance of fiber interaction, optimal fiber ratios, and environmental exposure conditions in maximizing the potential of HFRC for modern infrastructure projects.