Multi-field synergistic terahertz detection via 3D-printed vortex metasurface with Mn 3 Sn thin film

We report a room-temperature terahertz detector that integrates a 3D-printed axially graded vortex metasurface with a non-collinear antiferromagnetic Mn 3 Sn thin film. The fan-shaped vortex array excites localized surface plasmon resonance for THz field confinement, while Mn 3 Sn enables field-tunable carrier transport. Under simultaneous optical, acoustic, and magnetic modulation at 0.1 THz, the device achieves a responsivity of 48.96 ± 2.87 A/W (mean ± SD, n = 5) and a noise-equivalent power of 2.18 ± 0.31 pW/√Hz. CST simulations and spectral measurements support the combined roles of field confinement and carrier transport.