Versatile Synthesis of Rare-Earth Nanoparticles with Virus-like Surface Nanotopography

) leverage their virus-like surface architecture to achieve enhanced cellular uptake, tissue penetration, and catalytic performance. These structural advantages, coupled with their intrinsic antioxidant activity, translate into significantly improved therapeutic outcomes in atopic dermatitis. This work establishes a general platform for constructing rare-earth nanomaterials with tailored surface morphologies, thereby optimizing their multifunctional performance.