Diaphragm vertical slot fishways was optimized and improved in the research, as the same time, a kind of streamline shape diaphragm vertical slot fishway was put forward. It transformed the diaphragm of the traditional structure into a circular shape, and transformed the vertical side wall of the traditional structure into an ellipse-circular multiplearch shape. With the comprehensive and comparative analysis of the FLUENT software modeling calculations and indoor model tests, the superiority of the structure was verified. Finally, the article forecasted the research work on its next step forward.