Case Report: Burkholderia pseudomallei Infection with Sepsis and Aortic Pseudoaneurysm

Burkholderia pseudomallei is a Gram-negative bacterium found predominantly in tropical and subtropical regions. A 49-year-old individual with type 2 diabetes in Hainan, China, with a 4-month history of intermittent fever and 20 days of chest-back pain was diagnosed with aortic pseudoaneurysm through a computerized tomography scan. Burkholderia pseudomallei was identified through bacteriological examination of the patient's blood. The patient received supportive care, with management of hyperthermia, heart rate, blood pressure, and blood glucose levels. Intravenous meropenem and oral sulfamethoxazole were administered for anti-infection treatment. Within 10 days, the patient's temperature normalized, vital signs stabilized, chest pain subsided, and blood cultures cleared. This case highlights the potential severity of B. pseudomallei infections, underscoring the critical role of appropriate antibiotics, supportive care, and long-term follow-up in ensuring comprehensive management and preventing further transmission.