A comprehensive Review of Floating Photovoltaic Systems: Tech Advances, Marine Environmental Influences on Offshore PV Systems, and Economic Feasibility Analysis

In recent times, the escalating global demand for sustainable and renewable energy sources has catalyzed the exploration and development of innovative technologies, among which floating photovoltaic (FPV) systems emerge as a particularly promising solution. These systems exploit solar energy by deploying PV panels on water surfaces. These systems, offer several advantages, including their independence from land use constraints, enhanced energy efficiency due to the cooling effect of water, and the potential for synergy with various energy sources. Expanding on prior literature reviews, this paper provides a focused review of the latest developments in FPV systems, cutting-edge technologies, challenges faced the FPV in marine settings, extending to an economic analysis for comprehensive feasibility assessment, and market potential from diverse angles. The primary objective is to promote additional research and applications of FPV to guarantee the safety and stability of FPV systems under challenging marine environmental conditions, aiming to enhance overall efficiency, reliability, and the widespread adoption of FPV projects, while concurrently reducing investment costs. Highlighting its importance for energy-deficient African countries, the paper underscores the significance of integrating FPV systems into the continent's energy strategies for widespread adoption, to bolster energy security and environmental sustainability across the continent.