Kallikrein-related peptidases: mechanistic understanding for potential therapeutic targeting in cancer

INTRODUCTION: Human kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) represent a subgroup of 15 serine endopeptidases involved in various physiological processes and pathologies, including cancer. AREAS COVERED: This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the KLK family, highlighting their genomic structure, expression profiles and substrate specificity. We explore the role of KLKs in tumorigenesis, emphasizing their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer treatment. The dysregulated activity of KLKs has been linked to various malignancies, making them promising candidates for cancer diagnostics and therapy. EXPERT OPINION: : Recent advancements in understanding the mechanistic pathways of KLK-related tumorigenesis offer new prospects for developing targeted cancer treatments. Expert opinion suggests that while significant progress has been made, further research is necessary to fully exploit KLKs' potential in clinical applications.